Bupivacaine hydrochloride hydrate is a racemic mixture of equimolar dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride hydrate and levobupivacaine hydrochloride hydrate. It is a piperidinecarboxamide-based local anesthetic with slow onset and long duration of action. It functions as a local anesthetic, adrenergic antagonist, amphiphile, EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor, and EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca²⁺-transporting ATPase) inhibitor. The compound contains bupivacaine hydrochloride (anhydrous), levobupivacaine hydrochloride hydrate, and dextrobupivacaine hydrochloride hydrate.
